In the 19th Century Visual Art Was Changed by the Introduction of
If you've ever taken an fine art history class or spent time in a fine arts museum, chances are you know a lot well-nigh the men who "divers" their mediums. As with other subjects, most of what we learn most art history today still centers on white men from Europe and, afterward, the United States. In reality, there are and then many more than artists of all genders to learn from and appreciate.
Here, nosotros're specifically taking a look at simply some of the women who take had lasting impacts on their art forms. From some of the art world's most iconic pioneers to its near unsung heroes, these women artists all had a hand — and, in some cases, still have a mitt — in changing the earth of fine art and how we define it.
Laura Wheeler Waring
Laura Wheeler Waring was an artist and educator who taught at Cheyney Academy in Pennsylvania for more than than 30 years. Later studying the piece of work of painters like Cézanne and Monet while away, she returned to the United States, becoming best known for her portraits of prominent Blackness Americans, many of which were painted during the Harlem Renaissance.
Cindy Sherman
Photographer Cindy Sherman was role of the Pictures Generation during the 1980s, and is perchance most well known for her serial of Untitled Pic Stills (1977–lxxx) — self-portraits in which Sherman "posed in the guises of diverse generic female film characters, among them, ingénue, working girl, vamp, and solitary housewife" (via MoMA). In this series, and those that followed, Sherman used photography to question the media's influence over our individual and collective identities.
Yoko Ono
You lot might commencement call up of Yoko Ono equally a musician and activist, only she's also an accomplished performance and conceptual artist. Ono was considered a pioneer in the functioning fine art movement, earning the nickname the "Loftier Priestess of the Happening".
I of her nigh revered works, Cut Slice, was a functioning she first staged in Japan; Ono sabbatum on phase in a nice adjust and placed pair of scissors in front of her, and, in an deed of daring vulnerability, invited audience members to come on stage and cut away pieces of her wear. "Art is like animate for me," Ono has said. "If I don't do it, I start to asphyxiate."
Betye Saar
Before condign a printmaker and activist, Betye Saar studied blueprint and was employed as a social worker. A printmaking elective changed her unabridged career trajectory — and, in plow, part of the trajectory of art history.
Saar was part of the Black Arts Movement in the 1970s and, through painting and assemblage, critiqued institutionalized racism and the racist stereotypes white people held toward Blackness Americans. "To me the fob is to seduce the viewer," Saar has said. "If you tin can get the viewer to look at a work of art, then y'all might be able to requite them some sort of message."
Frida Kahlo
It's rare to find someone who hasn't at least heard of Frida Kahlo. A self-taught painter from Mexico, she is best known for exploring themes similar death and identity through her self-portraits. Kahlo oftentimes used assuming, bright colors to create her symbol-rich works, and was regarded as one of the most influential artists of the Surrealist movement.
Yayoi Kusama
Yayoi Kusama started painting at a very young age, but she's as well known for her hyper-existent sculptures, polka dots, installations, and and so much more. Like many of her peers, Kusama embraced the counterculture of the 1960s, employing nudity in much of her work. Today, she continues to create works for her indelible Mirror/Infinity rooms series, which apply mirrors and lit objects to create a sense of endlessness.
Amy Sherald
Amy Sherald is an American painter and portraitist who depicts Blackness Americans, oftentimes doing everyday activities — something that became more common in portraiture writ large in the mid-19th century. Odds are that you lot recognize Sherald'due south work — and her signature grayscale pare tones — as she was the first Blackness woman to complete a presidential portrait for the Smithsonian's National Portrait Gallery.
Georgia O'Keeffe
Known every bit the mother of American modernism, you likely acquaintance Georgia O'Keeffe with her paintings of New Mexico's landscapes, flowers, skulls, and, just possibly, the skyscrapers of New York City. In the 1920s, she was the start woman painter to gain the respect of the New York art world, all past painting in her unique style.
Adrian Piper
Adrian Piper became a pioneering minimalist, feminist, and conceptual creative person in 1970s New York City. She used her work to question society, identity, and racial politics by enervating the audience to confront truths about themselves. She oft challenged people on the streets of New York to guess her race, socio-economic class, and gender — all while dressed as a Black man with a fake mustache and sunglasses, or while wearing compelling statements on her clothes.
Shirin Neshat
Shirin Neshat left Islamic republic of iran in 1974 to study art in Los Angeles, California — before the Iran Islamic Revolution took place. She is best known for her photography, film, and video work, much of which explores the relationship between Islam'south cultural and religious systems and women. Moreover, Neshat'southward works often create a sense of solidarity and empowerment.
Jenny Holzer
As a neo-conceptual artist, Jenny Holzer'south work focuses on words and ideas, which she puts on advert billboards, projects onto buildings and adds to electronic displays or neon signs.
These works display phrases that act as meditations on various concepts, such every bit trauma, knowledge, and hope. One of her more notable works, I Scent You On My Peel, makes the viewer question what kind of sentiment the judgement conveys.
Rebecca Belmore
Much of Rebecca Belmore'south art addresses identity and history — and, in particular, houselessness and the voicelessness of the First Nations People in Canada. As an Anishinaabekwe artist, she works to raise sensation around the prejudice, violence, and attempted erasure of Indigenous Due north American culture. In 2005, she was the first Indigenous adult female to represent Canada at the Venice Biennale.
Louise Bourgeois
While a prolific printmaker and painter, Louise Conservative is meliorate known for her installation fine art and sculptures — similar the spider to a higher place — which were inspired by her own experiences and memories. Throughout her career, she created revolutionary works during a time when abstraction and conceptual art were the main styles shaping the art earth.
Mickalene Thomas
Heavily influenced past popular civilization and pop fine art, Mickalene Thomas often embellishes her paintings with rhinestones and uses colorful acrylic paints. In her work, Thomas centers Blackness American women, whom she believes embody power and femininity.
Judy Chicago
Judy Chicago was ane of the major figures within the early on Feminist Art movement. As exemplified in her iconic piece of work The Dinner Political party, her installation pieces frequently examine the role of women in history and culture — in the 1970s and earlier. While at California Country University in Fresno, Chicago founded the first feminist art plan in the Us.
Augusta Savage
Augusta Barbarous was an American sculptor during the Harlem Renaissance who worked toward securing equal rights for Blackness Americans in the arts. In addition to creating breathtaking sculptures, often of Blackness folks, Savage founded the Fell Studio of Arts and Crafts in Harlem in 1932, and, a few years after, she became the first Black American elected to the National Association of Women Painters and Sculptors in 1934.
Carolee Schneemann
Known for her provocative performance fine art practices, Carolee Schneemann is considered the progenitor of "body fine art". (But expect up her well-nigh famous work, Interior Scroll, and you lot'll see what nosotros mean.) She used her body to examine women'southward sensuality and liberation from the oppressive aesthetic and social conventions established by our patriarchal lodge.
Nan Goldin
Famous for her in-the-moment photography, Nan Goldin'south piece of work challenges traditional power relations. In addition to documenting New York Urban center's queer subculture post-Stonewall, Goldin explored the HIV/AIDS crisis, opioid epidemic, and LGBTQ+ bodies.
Elaine Sturtevant
Does this look like an Andy Warhol to y'all? Well, that's the thought! Elaine Sturtevant, who went by her last name professionally, was a conceptual artist known for her inexact replicas — that is, non-quite-right copies of large-name artists' work.
Some artists and critics encouraged her efforts, while others became quite aroused. Nonetheless, Sturtevant used her works to explore the concepts of authorship, originality, and the structure of art civilization.
Ruth Asawa
During the 1960s, Ruth Asawa created increasingly complex wire sculptures. A San Francisco-based artist, Asawa'southward concluding public commission was the Garden of Remembrance at San Francisco Country University, which was created to recognize Japanese Americans who were interned during World War II.
Catherine Opie
Known for her studio, portrait, and landscape photography, Catherine Opie has been a lensman since the age of 9. She uses her photography to examine social norms, and, in doing so, displays diverse subcultures in formal portraits — but in a mode that conveys power and respect by evoking traditional Renaissance portraiture.
micha cárdenas
micha cárdenas is an artist, writer, theorist, and assistant professor who won an Impact Award at the Indiecade Festival in 2020 and the Creative Laurels from the Gender Justice League in 2016. She believes didactics is the path to liberation and uses VR and art to address global issues such equally racism, gendered violence, and climate change.
Lee Krasner
Lee Krasner was an Abstruse Expressionist painter who besides specialized in collaging. Her works capture a spirit of relentless reinvention, from her Cubist drawings and assemblage to her portraits and murals for the Works Progress Administration (WPA).
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